Ent,Table 1: Special features in our experimental study groups are listed below.MethodsThe study was performed

Ent,Table 1: Special features in our experimental study groups are listed below.MethodsThe study was performed in Animal Research Laboratory. Institutional ethic committee permission was obtained before the study. Forty adult Rates Norvecus weighing between 150 and 170 grams were used. A commercially available PC was obtained from GNC Bakara LTD. (PC: 100 mg, 90 capsules, Istanbul, TR). In this experimental study, forty rats were separated into four groups by the simple random sampling method with each group containing ten rats. The first group was the Control Group (CG). In this group, no Pneumothorax (Px) and subsequent RPE was performed. Subjects have been followed for three days. In CG, 2 ml of 1 methylcellulose solution diluted with 0.9 NaCl to 10 ml was given for 3 days by gavage. After the follow up period, the rats were sacrificed. Then samplings from the tissues have PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266977 been carried out for measurement of histopathological and biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA)) and the results were recorded. The second group was PC Group (PCG). The same protocol with CG (three days of follow up, sacrification, GSK343 biological activity tissue sampling for histopathological and biochemical analysis, recording of results) were applied. The only difference from CG was the administration of PC (100 mg/kg/day), by gavage, during the 3 day follow up period. Before the administration of PC, it was homogenized in 2 ml, 1 methylcellulose solution and then diluted with 0.9 NaCl to 10 ml [6]. The third group was RPE Group (RPEG). The same protocols with the CG (three days of follow up, sacrification, tissue sampling for histopathological and biochemical analysis, and recording of results) have been applied. The only difference from CG group was the performance ofGroup(n)NourishmentFollow Up (Day) 3 3 3RPE procedure (+/-) + +CG PCG RPEG TG10 10 10Rat food Rat food and PC Rat food Rat food and PCCG; Control Group, PCG: Proanthocyanidine Group, RPEG; Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema, Group. TG: Treatment, Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema Plus Proanthocyanidin, Group. Rat food: All animals were provided access to the same food (2630 kkal/kg metabolic energy, 21 protein, 7 cellulose, and fat 9 ) for a period of 7 days. PC: In PCG, PC (100+/-5 mg/kg rat body weight) intake was performed seven days by gavage orally. In TG, PC intake was started 8 h before pneumothorax application and continued 72 hour by the same doze and way of PCG. RPE procedure: This column shows whether reexpansion pulmonary edema was performed or not.Page 2 of(page number not for citation purposes)Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2009, 4:http://www.cardiothoracicsurgery.org/content/4/1/Figure 1 The confirmation of right pneumothorax by chest X-ray The confirmation of right pneumothorax by chest Xray.Figure 2 The confirmation of right re-expansion by chest X-ray The confirmation of right re-expansion by chest Xray. Re-expansion pulmonary edema is also seen.lungs were filled with 10 buffered formalin solution via intratracheal instillation, and were fixed in the same solution. Before fixation, one third of upper lobes of both lungs were kept in liquid nitrogen for analysis of oxidative stress. The RPE procedure is summarized in Figure 3.Tissue preparation for histopathological evaluation Lung samples were embedded in paraffin blocks. Four m sections were sliced from paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Pulmonary edema w.