S. More than this temperature, many of the solvent in the silverS. Over this temperature,

S. More than this temperature, many of the solvent in the silver
S. Over this temperature, most of the solvent within the silver ink might be expected to disappear by heating. However, interestingly there is nonetheless a bit fat reduction from 240 to 405.4 C (exothermic reaction temperature). It can be postulated that residues from some surfactants inside the ink are decomposed thermally. From DTG outcomes, three primary components inside the ink have been confirmed. The two peaks at 72.1 and 160.six C correspond to water and ethylene glycol, respectively, plus the weak peak at 400.two C may well be connected with a small surfactant. In specific, at temperature close to the boiling point of ethylene glycol, its dehydration, following Equation (two), could come about to lessen metal oxide nanoparticles [52].2 2CH2 OH – CH2 OH 2CH2 CHO-H OM(II)Nanomaterials 2021, 11, xCH3 – C – C – CH3 + H2 O + M || || O O(two)6 of72.1 oCTG ( ) DTA (V) DTG (g/min)40TG ( )60 40 2074.1 oC – 35.66 V405.four oC + six.49 VDTA (V)800 600 400176.four oC – 2.48 V-160.six oC 400.two oC-40 200 300 400Temperature (oC)Figure five. Thermogravimetric (TG), differential ��-Carotene Epigenetics thermal Triallate Autophagy analysis (DTA), and evaluation (DTA), and derivative thermograviFigure five. Thermogravimetric (TG), differential thermal derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) on the silver nanoparticle ink.metric (DTG) from the silver nanoparticle ink.For superior electrical properties, all solvents in the silver thin film has to be eliminated. Thus, at the very least, more than ethylene glycol’s dehydration temperature (160 ), post-annealTherefore, at the very least, more than ethylene glycol’s dehydration temperature (160 C), post-annealing ing treatment need to be carried out for crystallization. remedy really should be carried analysis,crystallization. the temperature of 160.six may well be reFrom TG/DTA out for we knew no less than From TG/DTA analysis, we knew at the very least Figure 6 shows the of 160.six C may possibly be quired for post-treatment of your silver ink. the temperature sheet resistance of silver needed for post-treatment at distinct temperatures and for a variety of durations in theof silver thin films annealed with the silver ink. Figure six shows the sheet resistance vacuum. thin films annealed at various temperatures180 , PET substrate became bent the vacuum. When the method temperature was more than and for numerous durations in and broken. When theOn the other hand, at the annealing temperature substrate became bent and damaged. course of action temperature was over 180 C, PET lower than 90 , the films exhibited very high sheet resistance (more than two temperature decrease than time was numerous hours. Around the other hand, in the annealing M/sq.), while process 90 C, the films exhibited very The transform in the resistivity inside the temperature variety from 120 to 150 high sheet resistance (more than two M/sq.), even though course of action time was several hours. might be attributed to dehydration ofin the temperature range from 120 toin the C may perhaps be The change of your resistivity ethylene glycol. Below 90 , only water 150 silver film is evaporated simply with no any chemical reaction. C, only nonetheless ethylene silver film attributed to dehydration of ethylene glycol. Under 90There was water inside the glycol in the silver film, as well as the temperature could possibly have as well tiny energy to crystallize silver nais evaporated basically without having any chemical reaction. There was still ethylene glycol in noparticles. When the temperature improved to 120 , some chemical reactions like eththe silver film, and also the temperature may possibly have as well small power to crystallize silver ylene glycol’s dehydration and evaporation could take place.