Gqing 400074, China Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-Citation: Yang, R.; Xing, B. A Comparison in the

Gqing 400074, China Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-Citation: Yang, R.; Xing, B. A Comparison in the Functionality of Distinct Interpolation Solutions in Replicating Rainfall Magnitudes under Distinctive Climatic Conditions in Chongqing Province (China). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1318. https:// doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101318 Academic Editor: Corene Matyas Received: 31 July 2021 Accepted: 28 September 2021 Published: 9 OctoberAbstract: Precipitation is thought of a vital component in the hydrological cycle and modifications in its spatial pattern directly influence the water sources. We examine various interpolation methods in predicting the spatial distribution pattern of precipitation in Chongqing. Six interpolation strategies, i.e., Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Diffusion Interpolation with Barrier (DIB), Kernel Interpolation with Barrier (KIB), Ordinary Kriging (OK) and Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK), had been applied to estimate distinctive rainfall patterns. Annual imply, rainy season and dry-season precipitation was calculated from the everyday precipitation time series of 34 meteorological stations with a time span of 1991 to 2019, based on Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV), Imply Square Error (MSE), Imply Absolute Error (MAE), Imply Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE) and Nash utcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) as validation indexes of the applied models for calculating the error degree and accuracy. Correlation test and Spearman coefficient was performed on the estimated and observed values. A method combining Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Excellent Option (Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS) was introduced to rank the performance of six interpolation strategies. The outcomes indicate that interpolation strategy performs much better in estimating during periods of low precipitation (i.e., dry season, relative to rainy season and mean annual). The functionality priorities in the six methods below the combined a number of precipitation distribution patterns are KIB EBK OK RBF DIB IDW. Among them, KIB process has the highest accuracy which maps a lot more accurate precipitation surfaces, with the disadvantage that estimation error is prone to outliers. EBK technique may be the second highest, and IDW method has the Elinogrel Purity & Documentation lowest accuracy with a Enclomiphene Epigenetics higher degree of error. This paper delivers details for the application of interpolation approaches in estimating rainfall spatial pattern and for water resource management of concerned regions. Keyword phrases: spatial interpolation; deterministic strategies; geostatistical procedures; precipitation; Geographical Details SystemsPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Precipitation could be the most important climatic variable in hydrology and in water resource management, as a result of its critical effect around the spatial patterns of water availability [1]. The details of precipitation is important for analyzing of regional water sources, the prediction and management of drought and flood disasters, as well as the management on the ecological atmosphere [2,3]. Precipitation models have a lot of purposes, amongst others, long-term planning, climate adjust situation building, hydrological forecasting, hydrochemical modeling and human impact research, as well as the assessment of water sources is typically depending on models interpolated from precipitation.