Dings indicate that increasing mtDNA copy number attenuates cardiac pathological remodeling

Dings indicate that increasing mtDNA copy number attenuates cardiac pathological remodeling and failure. However, the functional significance of increased mtDNA copy number under pressure overload condition has not been established. In this study, we addressed this question using transgenic mice that overexpress Twinkle, the mtDNA helicase. Previous study showed that systemic overexpression of Twinkle increases mtDNA copy number in muscle and heart up to 3-fold of control levels, more than any other factors reported to date [9]. Twinkle is known to co-localize with mtDNA in mitochondrial nucleoids that are stable assemblies of nucleoproteins and mtDNA. TwinkleTwinkle and Pressure Overloaddisplays 59 to 39 DNA helicase activity in vitro, supporting its role in unwinding the mtDNA replication fork [10]. Dominant mutations of Twinkle are associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mtDNA deletions [11]. Reduced Twinkle expression by RNA interference also mediates a rapid drop in mtDNA copy number, supporting the in vivo results [9]. These data demonstrate that Twinkle is essential for mtDNA maintenance, and that it may be a key regulator of mtDNA copy number in mammals [9,12]. In a pilot study, we have confirmed that overexpressing Twinkle in mice by a transgenic approach inhibits cardiac remodeling and improves survival after experimental myocardial infarction (unpublished data). However, the functional significance of increased Twinkle in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether Twinkle overexpression protects the heart from left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure in a mouse pressure overload model created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC).Materials and Methods Ethics StatementAll procedures and animal care were approved by the Committee on Ethics of Animal Experiment, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Permit number: A22?75), and performed in accordance with the Guideline for Animal Experiment of Kyushu University, and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85-23, revised 1996).Animal ExperimentsWe utilized transgenic mice that overexpress mouse Twinkle helicase (Tg) as described previously [9]. The animals were kept in 12-hour light-dark cycle and had access to food and water ad libitum. Ten week-old male Tg and wild type littermates (WT) underwent TAC as described previously with a slight modification [13]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and intubated endotracheally. The chest was opened and the aortic arch was identified after blunt dissection through the intercostal muscles. A 8-0 silk suture was placed around the transverse aorta and tied with a 26-gauge blunt needle, which was immediately removed. We used a 26-gauge and tied the suture as tightly as possible to create similar degree of pressure BTZ043 gradient in all mice. MedChemExpress CAL120 Sham-operated mice underwent a similar surgical procedure without aortic constriction. Animals were anesthetized and euthanized 28 23977191 days after TAC for physiological, biochemical and histological studies. A group of investigators performed tail clippings, and used the tissue samples in genotyping using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Another group of investigators who were not informed of the genotyping results performed TAC. Animals were identified by num.Dings indicate that increasing mtDNA copy number attenuates cardiac pathological remodeling and failure. However, the functional significance of increased mtDNA copy number under pressure overload condition has not been established. In this study, we addressed this question using transgenic mice that overexpress Twinkle, the mtDNA helicase. Previous study showed that systemic overexpression of Twinkle increases mtDNA copy number in muscle and heart up to 3-fold of control levels, more than any other factors reported to date [9]. Twinkle is known to co-localize with mtDNA in mitochondrial nucleoids that are stable assemblies of nucleoproteins and mtDNA. TwinkleTwinkle and Pressure Overloaddisplays 59 to 39 DNA helicase activity in vitro, supporting its role in unwinding the mtDNA replication fork [10]. Dominant mutations of Twinkle are associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mtDNA deletions [11]. Reduced Twinkle expression by RNA interference also mediates a rapid drop in mtDNA copy number, supporting the in vivo results [9]. These data demonstrate that Twinkle is essential for mtDNA maintenance, and that it may be a key regulator of mtDNA copy number in mammals [9,12]. In a pilot study, we have confirmed that overexpressing Twinkle in mice by a transgenic approach inhibits cardiac remodeling and improves survival after experimental myocardial infarction (unpublished data). However, the functional significance of increased Twinkle in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether Twinkle overexpression protects the heart from left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure in a mouse pressure overload model created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC).Materials and Methods Ethics StatementAll procedures and animal care were approved by the Committee on Ethics of Animal Experiment, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Permit number: A22?75), and performed in accordance with the Guideline for Animal Experiment of Kyushu University, and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85-23, revised 1996).Animal ExperimentsWe utilized transgenic mice that overexpress mouse Twinkle helicase (Tg) as described previously [9]. The animals were kept in 12-hour light-dark cycle and had access to food and water ad libitum. Ten week-old male Tg and wild type littermates (WT) underwent TAC as described previously with a slight modification [13]. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and intubated endotracheally. The chest was opened and the aortic arch was identified after blunt dissection through the intercostal muscles. A 8-0 silk suture was placed around the transverse aorta and tied with a 26-gauge blunt needle, which was immediately removed. We used a 26-gauge and tied the suture as tightly as possible to create similar degree of pressure gradient in all mice. Sham-operated mice underwent a similar surgical procedure without aortic constriction. Animals were anesthetized and euthanized 28 23977191 days after TAC for physiological, biochemical and histological studies. A group of investigators performed tail clippings, and used the tissue samples in genotyping using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Another group of investigators who were not informed of the genotyping results performed TAC. Animals were identified by num.