Egion [38,43]. In terms of every single season, the precipitation in spring and autumn is

Egion [38,43]. In terms of every single season, the precipitation in spring and autumn is typically above one hundred mm, the precipitation in summer time can attain 400 mm, along with the precipitation in winter is about 50 mm [45]. The topography inclines from the north and south, with a huge elevation disparity in many districts. The northwest and middle are dominated by hills and low mountains, and also the southeast is mainly higher mountains, with all the mountains and hills account for 76 and 22 of land places, respective [45]. The complicated landform impacts nearby atmospheric circulation and high probabilities of flooding and several types of geological disasters [37], exactly where flooding could initially occur in March and finish in November, mostly concentrated from June to September [44]. The Yangtze River, Jialing River and Wujiang River flow through Chongqing, with an average annual total water resource of about 50 billion m3 [45].Figure 1. Geographical place and distribution of meteorological stations in Chongqing.2.2. Information Analysis Daily precipitation information from 1991019 was recorded from 34 meteorological stations within Chongqing and has been properly quality-controlled and compiled by the China Meteorological Data Service Centre (http://data.cma.cn, accessed on 28 June 2021). The geographical distribution of meteorological stations is presented in Figure 1. Rainfall within the study location is characterized as getting inter-seasonal and inter-annual variation, with most rainfall occurring from May possibly to October (Figure two). Thinking of varying rainfall magnitudes beneath various climatic situations, the study attempted to apply interpolation techniques to three rainfall scenarios, like annual precipitation, rainy-season precipitation andAtmosphere 2021, 12,5 ofdry-season precipitation based around the calculated daily precipitation from 1991 to 2019, which collects a imply of the multi-year typical. The time spacing of rainy and dry season adopted was determined as Could to October for the rainy season and November to April for the dry season based on the time series of imply monthly precipitation over the calendar year; the difference in rainfall illustrated in Figure 2.Figure two. Month-to-month imply rainfall spanning from 1991 to 2019 plus the difference among rainy and dry season in accumulated rainfall.three. Methodology three.1. Spatial Interpolation Techniques three.1.1. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) The inverse distance weighting (IDW) strategy makes use of the inverse distance as a weighting issue and will depend on the Cartesian quarters with the target station [21]. It uses a mixture of linear weights of recognized points to determine the variable Flufenoxuron web values of unknown information points, together with the weights given to observations at Heneicosanoic acid Purity identified areas that are inversely proportional to the distance amongst these points and the location for which unknown values are estimated [46]. IDW hypothesizes that every observation point has a certain nearby influence, which diminishes with rising distance, i.e., observations closer towards the estimated place have greater influence around the estimated value. The principle limitations of this process will be the arbitrary selection of the weighting exponent plus the non-consideration from the sampling scheme in the technique [47],using the calculation formula of IDW may be expressed as Equation (1): ^ z ( s0 ) =i =wi z ( s i )n(1)^ where z(s0 ) could be the estimated value of interpolation points s0 , z(si ) will be the observed value of recognized point si , n is definitely the variety of observation points, wi is weight of know.