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E): a revision with three new taxais typical in the Nudo de los Pastos and Central Cordillera of Colombia, from which only 1 historical collection of P. pilosus is recognized, collected ca. 1842. On the other hand at the isolated Paramo Frontino in the Western Cordillera, common P. pilosus happens sympatrically having a morphologically intermediate form of P. caryonauta. These two elements have been treated as “P. karstenii” and “P. karstenii var. corei,” respectively, by Rangel-Ch. and S chez (2005). In 1976, both elements had been collected from Espeletia paramo at Llano Grande, with P. aff. caryonauta reported from well-drained hillside (Boeke McElroy 269), and P. pilosus from Sphagnum bog (Boeke McElroy 265). Paepalanthus aff. caryonauta was re-collected at the very same locality in 1986 (Rold 402), and P. pilosus in 1989 (MacDougal Rold 4463, MO). These intermediate plants make standard seed but have intermediate diaspore morphology (Fig. 5P). The rounded glossy leaves resemble these of P. caryonauta, but those of Boeke McElroy 269 have extended scattered cilia in the upper margin, a trait otherwise only identified in P. pilosus. In the eastern Cordillera of Colombia, P. pilosus is abundant, even though only two specimens suggesting atypical P. caryonauta had been confirmed, these from opposite ends of your eastern Cordillera, on east-facing slopes. In the south finish, an intermediate plant, related to that of Paramo Frontino, but with flowers mostly abortive, was collected in the eastern slope of Sumapaz National Park (S. Diaz-Piedrahita 2608). This location is just south of the southernmost confirmed Colombian collection of P. pilosus. For the north, Cuatrecasas 10302 (F), collected in the “extreme east” of Paramo Santurban (Norte de Santander) might represent P. caryonauta or possibly a hybrid intermediate, differing by the light gold bracts. Sympatric taxa within this area consist of P. dendroides, standard P. pilosus, PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20107779 plus the taxon treated under as Paepalanthus sp. A. In southern Peru, common P. caryonauta occurs in mixed populations with P. dendroides at the entrance to ManNational Park (Abra Acjanaco, Cuzco). Trichomes of bract and sepal apices obtuse to Daucosterol clavate, strongly tuberculate. Flowers ca. 127 per capitulum, pistillate peripheral, the staminate equaling to subequaling the pistillate in number. Pistillate flowers: Pedicels ca. 0.25.45 mm extended, fine, not thickened at maturity. Sepals obovate-spatulate, 1.15.85 mm lengthy 0.65.85 mm wide, 0.15.25 mm wide at base, blackish-brown, short-ciliate along upper margin and bearded with longer appressed hairs on upper dorsum, the basal half of your midrib hygroscopically thickened, and spadiceous-brown in fruit, the broad distal half on the sepal remaining chartaceous, suberect, detaching from diaspore upon dispersal. Petals broadly spatulate, 1.15.75 mm extended, 0.55.0 mm wide, ca. 1.6.three instances longer than wide, cream-colored and densely long-pilose with tuberculate trichomes around the abaxial surface flanking the midvein, not thickening, dispersed with fruit. Gynoecium with style base 0.15.25 mm long, the nectaries 0.55.7 (.85) mm long, the glandular portion colorless to pale pink to red- or yellow-brown, penicillate, slightly curved soon after anthesis, the apical ring of papillae colorless (white), thin- to thick-walled; types 0.75.9 mm, mainly thinner and less pigmented than in P. pilosus or P. caryonauta. Seeds 0.6.75 mm lengthy, orange-brown, the pseudotrichomes weak, erect upon wetting but collapsing quickly after (couple of seeds observed). Staminate fl.