Olored, ca. 0.3.35 mm extended, generally deciduous after anthesis and not present in fruiting capitula. Nectaries related to those of pistillate flowers, reaching or slightly surpassing the corolla sinuses. Etymology. The epithet is taken from the Greek caryonaute (nom. sing.), the name provided for the “nutshell sailors” in Lucian of Samosata’s tale Correct Stories. It refers towards the diaspores enclosed by the thick buoyant perianth. Phenology. In Peru and Bolivia, collected in early anthesis in November and December, and PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2010729 with older inflorescences in all months from February to September. TheThe Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complicated (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxadry season right here is May perhaps to August but mitigated at greater elevations by cloud cover (Boyle 2001; Cano et al. 1995). In Colombia and Ecuador, collected around the wet eastern slopes within the slightly drier periods June to September and January; and around the drier western slopes, in the wetter months of March and December (Rangel-Ch. 2000). Distribution. Colombia (Central Cordillera): Cauca, Nari . Ecuador: Carchi, likely Sucumb s. Peru: Cuzco, Jun , Pasco. Bolivia: La Paz. Also, some atypical specimens or hybrids (see under) are known from the Western and Eastern Cordilleras of Colombia, in Antioquia, Meta, and Norte de Santander. (Fig. six) Habitat. In Peru and Bolivia, this species is restricted to a narrow band of wet paramo-like habitat around the high eastern slope on the Andes, NVP-CGM097 (sulfate) although in Ecuador and Colombia it can be located in open wet p amo. It is reported from boggy wet bunchgrass meadows (pajonal) with Calamagrostis Adans. or Festuca procera Kunth, in shallow waterlogged soil of ridgetops and rocky slopes, and in cloud forests and p amo degraded by fire. In Ecuador and Colombia also reported from depressions in Espeletia p amo. Boyle (2001) describes the species as frequent within the Cordillera Vilcabamba (Peru: Cuzco/ Jun ), forming a cushiony matrix collectively with mat-forming species of Xyris Gronov. and Apiaceae involving tussocks of Calamagrostis. Elevation (2940 3100000 m. Conservation notes. This species is identified from two disjunct paramo zones, 1 about 475 km lengthy inside the northern Andes and 1 950 km extended within the central Andes. Nonetheless, unlike related P. pilosus, it’s not reported from disturbed areas, and rare outlying populations in Colombia show signs of introgression with P. pilosus. Inside the event of climatic drying or warming this species could be vulnerable, in particular inside the southern part of its range where suitable habitat is narrowly restricted towards the eastern slope. Misapplied names. Paepalanthus karstenii f. corei sensu Moldenke (1983) in aspect, Hensold (2014), non (Moldenke) Moldenke; Paepalanthus muscosus sensu R.C. Foster (1958), Moldenke (1979) in portion, Balslev (2001) in element, non K n.; Paepalanthus pilosus Brako and Hensold (1993) in part, non (Kunth in H.B.K.) Kunth. Dicussion. This species is most similar to P. pilosus, having a similar cushion-forming habit and similar habitat, and is usually confused with that species (or “P. karstenii”). In his later annotations, Moldenke often identified this species as P. karstenii f. corei (Moldenke) Moldenke. It has also frequently been distributed as P. muscosus (subsect. Dichocladus), which also has rounded leaf suggestions. The report of P. muscosus from northern Ecuador by Balslev (2001) is based on vouchers of each P. caryonauta and E. microcephalum. The species recently cited as P. muscosus (Moscol and Cleef 2009) and Paepal.
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