Solution against 70 mL of the same reservoir solution. Crystals appeared within

Solution against 70 mL of the same reservoir solution. Crystals appeared within a day in numerous conditions that contained polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight. These crystallization conditions were scaled up from these nano-drops to micro-drops of total volume 4 mL. However, the Homatropine methobromide site rod-shaped crystals that were observed were small, approximately 0.160.0260.02 mm, and gave poor diffraction. While preparing more protein for use in crystal optimization it was observed that larger crystals actually formed spontaneously when the protein was concentrated in the 10457188 GF buffer using Vivaspin 20 concentrators with a 3,000 MW cut off (Sartorius Stedim Biotech). Hexagonal bipyramid crystals, reaching 0.260.260.2 mm dimensions, formed within minutes (Fig. 1). The average protein concentration in the centrifugal device was 5 mg mL21, but likely to have been considerably Calyculin A web higher near the membrane where crystal nucleation occurred. The selection of a suitable cryoprotectant required extensive screening and optimization. The use of glycerol, ethylene glycol and paratone-N produced either poor diffraction or pronounced ice rings. The most favourable cryoprotectant was PEG200. Crystals were transferred into cryo-solution of PEG200 and GF buffer at 1:1 ratio prior to flash cooling for X-ray diffraction studies.SCAN Domain of PEGTable 1. Crystallographic statistics.PEG3-SCAN Space group ?Unit cell dimensions: a, b, c (A) ?Resolutiona (A) No. of reflections Unique reflections Completeness ( ) Multiplicity ,I/sI. ?Wilson B (A2) Mosaicity (u) Residues Chain A Chain B 40?27 40?29 P65 83.61, 83.61, 55.23 13.8?.95 (2.00?.95) 453776 (23734) 16090 (1143) 99.7 (99.8) 28.2 (20.8) 38.2 (9.7) 20.6 0.Water/ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol/triethylene155/21/4/2 glycolFigure 1. Crystals of PEG3-SCAN. Crystals grown in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 and 150 mM NaCl. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069538.gRmergeb ( ) Rworkc ( ) ( ) ?Mean B-factors (A2) Chain A Chain B Waters Other ligands ?R.m.s.d. bond lengths (A) R.m.s.d. bond angles (u) Ramachandran plot ( ) Most favoured Additional allowed Outliersa7.0 (31.8) 17.15 (19.0) 22.38 (24.4)RfreedStructure Solution and RefinementDiffraction data were collected in-house with a Micromax?007 rotating anode generator using CuKa (l = 1.5414 A) radiation and an AFC11 Saturn 944+ CCD detector (Rigaku). The data were indexed and integrated with iMOSFLM [32] and scaled with AIMLESS from the CCP4 program suite [33]. The structure was solved by molecular replacement with PHASER [34] using a poly-Ala model of the SCAN domain dimer from the mouse zinc finger protein 206 (Zfp206, PDB code 4E6S [26]) that shares 38 sequence identity with the PEG3-SCAN domain. The output model was subjected to a round of rigid body and restrained refinement using REFMAC5 [35]. The poly-Ala model was modified to the sequence of human PEG3SCAN based on inspection of electron and difference density maps in COOT [36]. Several residues and side chains for which there was no convincing electron density were deleted. Additional rounds of restrained least-squares refinement followed, interspersed with map inspection and model manipulation. The refinement used the automatic geometry and B-factor restraint weights. Neither non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) restraints nor TLS (Translation/Libration/Screw) were used in refinement. A number of ligands (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol) were included in the model on the basis of the difference.Solution against 70 mL of the same reservoir solution. Crystals appeared within a day in numerous conditions that contained polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weight. These crystallization conditions were scaled up from these nano-drops to micro-drops of total volume 4 mL. However, the rod-shaped crystals that were observed were small, approximately 0.160.0260.02 mm, and gave poor diffraction. While preparing more protein for use in crystal optimization it was observed that larger crystals actually formed spontaneously when the protein was concentrated in the 10457188 GF buffer using Vivaspin 20 concentrators with a 3,000 MW cut off (Sartorius Stedim Biotech). Hexagonal bipyramid crystals, reaching 0.260.260.2 mm dimensions, formed within minutes (Fig. 1). The average protein concentration in the centrifugal device was 5 mg mL21, but likely to have been considerably higher near the membrane where crystal nucleation occurred. The selection of a suitable cryoprotectant required extensive screening and optimization. The use of glycerol, ethylene glycol and paratone-N produced either poor diffraction or pronounced ice rings. The most favourable cryoprotectant was PEG200. Crystals were transferred into cryo-solution of PEG200 and GF buffer at 1:1 ratio prior to flash cooling for X-ray diffraction studies.SCAN Domain of PEGTable 1. Crystallographic statistics.PEG3-SCAN Space group ?Unit cell dimensions: a, b, c (A) ?Resolutiona (A) No. of reflections Unique reflections Completeness ( ) Multiplicity ,I/sI. ?Wilson B (A2) Mosaicity (u) Residues Chain A Chain B 40?27 40?29 P65 83.61, 83.61, 55.23 13.8?.95 (2.00?.95) 453776 (23734) 16090 (1143) 99.7 (99.8) 28.2 (20.8) 38.2 (9.7) 20.6 0.Water/ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol/triethylene155/21/4/2 glycolFigure 1. Crystals of PEG3-SCAN. Crystals grown in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 and 150 mM NaCl. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069538.gRmergeb ( ) Rworkc ( ) ( ) ?Mean B-factors (A2) Chain A Chain B Waters Other ligands ?R.m.s.d. bond lengths (A) R.m.s.d. bond angles (u) Ramachandran plot ( ) Most favoured Additional allowed Outliersa7.0 (31.8) 17.15 (19.0) 22.38 (24.4)RfreedStructure Solution and RefinementDiffraction data were collected in-house with a Micromax?007 rotating anode generator using CuKa (l = 1.5414 A) radiation and an AFC11 Saturn 944+ CCD detector (Rigaku). The data were indexed and integrated with iMOSFLM [32] and scaled with AIMLESS from the CCP4 program suite [33]. The structure was solved by molecular replacement with PHASER [34] using a poly-Ala model of the SCAN domain dimer from the mouse zinc finger protein 206 (Zfp206, PDB code 4E6S [26]) that shares 38 sequence identity with the PEG3-SCAN domain. The output model was subjected to a round of rigid body and restrained refinement using REFMAC5 [35]. The poly-Ala model was modified to the sequence of human PEG3SCAN based on inspection of electron and difference density maps in COOT [36]. Several residues and side chains for which there was no convincing electron density were deleted. Additional rounds of restrained least-squares refinement followed, interspersed with map inspection and model manipulation. The refinement used the automatic geometry and B-factor restraint weights. Neither non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) restraints nor TLS (Translation/Libration/Screw) were used in refinement. A number of ligands (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol) were included in the model on the basis of the difference.